Windows has its online Onedrive backup which gives a free 5GB of backup plan to Windows 10 and 11 users. However, with the Microsoft 365 subscription, you get 1TB of free storage. You can also set up other backups like Google Drive, Dropbox, etc. But, today, we are going to setup an external backup using either an external HDD or SSD. You can use almost any external and even internal drive for this including the flash drives. But, I will show you the method with an external Hard.
For this, you need a working external drive and its connecting cable. You can even use an SSD or Hard Drive enclosure if you don’t have an external drive. So, without any delays, let’s get started.
Why you should have an offline/external backup of your computer?
Because all of your data including the operating system, installed software, settings, games, and local files are stored on your secondary storage drive, it is good to have its backup in case of any issue with your main drive. It keeps everything safe so that in case of any mishappening to your drive, you can easily restore everything from the point that the backup was created. Now, with Windows 10 and 11, you get 5GB of OneDrive cloud backup but for most users, this space isn’t enough. They can surely save and sync their very important folders but they can’t store a system image on the OneDrive backup. The Microsoft 365 Basic plan starts at 1.99$ per month where you get 100GB of cloud storage for one person with 50GB of mailbox storage.
Most people either use this 5GB space to secure their most important files on OneDrive or choose other platforms like Google Drive. But, still, the offline method is the best one because you always have the freedom to back up almost all your computers at minimal prices. Also, the external drives are one-time investments and they can be used for other tasks in the future.
I personally keep my system backed up on an external hard drive enclosure which has 1TB of storage capacity. My backup is hardly 100GB and I back up once in about a month and even after longer time periods. You can even setup auto-sync with the external drives which we will discuss later on. We can also do network backups with the NAS at home or office which is a good topic for another article. But, for today, let’s see how you can do it on a hard drive in Windows 10/11.
How does the Windows External Backup and Restore work?
The backup file that we created on our external drive is an image file with almost a similar size to the data being backed up. Now, in Windows, you have two inbuilt backup features i.e. System Image backup and File History. File History is easy to use and is a simple way to backup personal files such as documents and pictures. No compression is applied in the File History method and the files are stored in their original format. However, you can’t use File History to back up the OS.
OS can be backed up with the Windows backup. In the backup, a system snapshot is created for the entire system along with the operating system. All the user data, files, and software are backed up though you get the option to select what you want to back up. All in all, this is the method you should choose to ensure full system security.
With the Windows backup, an image file (.vhdx) is created which works as a copy of the main hard drive or the SSD in your computer. Again, the backup size is almost the same as the total file size. When you have to restore the system, you can use this image file to get your system back in the same state when it was backed up.
Steps to Create an External Backup on a Hard Drive
Please follow these steps carefully. These screenshots are from the Windows 11. But, don’t worry, Windows 10 has almost the same things except for the different UI. You can easily follow this tutorial on both types of operating systems.
1. Grab yourself an external Hard Drive or SSD
Any drive that connects to the USB or Thunderbolt port on your computer would work. In my case, I am using an external HDD enclosure with a 1TB 5200RPM hard drive. I have connected it to a USB 3.0 port on the desktop.
If you want to turn the sync the backups more frequently and don’t want the hassle of USB connections, you can connect your hard drive internally to the motherboard. I have configured a backup in another computer in that way as well. There, I have set the backup synchronization frequency to every day.
Windows backup can also work on flash drives but you can’t backup the operating system. Also, scheduled backup can’t be setup on a flash drive. It is always recommended to use an external hard drive or SSD.
2. Format the hard drive
Once your hard drive is recognized by the computer, head to the File Explorer and locate your drive. Right-click it and click Format. Just choose the quick format option and proceed with the format. This will delete everything from your drive and make it ready for the backup. Also, if there are partitions, you can remove them by going to the Disk Management menu. You should use this drive for nothing except for backup purposes.
3. Go to the Backup and Restore (Windows 7) Menu
Yes, we are going to use the legacy backup tool that was used in the older Windows variants. Windows 10 and 11 have an advanced backup menu but only for online backups. For the offline method, open up the Control Panel first of all. In the Control Panel, click Backup and Restore (Windows 7).
4. Open the Backup Menu
Inside the Backup and Restore menu, click the option that says Set up Backup.
5. Choose your drive for the backup
A new pop-up will open and you will see all the drives that are connected to your system. Here, we will choose our external drive which we are going to use for the backup. In my case, I would select the drive named HDD.
6. Choose what you want to backup
The next step is to choose what you want to backup in the drive. You see two options here i.e. Let Windows Choose (recommended) and Let Me Choose. The first option saves everything on your computer including the system image. However, I would go to Let me choose the option to make sure I have checked everything that I want to back up.
7. Change the backup schedule
Once, you click next after checking your desired backup items, you get to the next page to review and confirm the backup settings.
To change the backup schedule, click the Change Schedule link. In the next pop-up window, you can set the desired schedule of your choice. Depending on the daily, weekly, or monthly backup schedule, you get the options to select the desired day and time for the backup.
Once, everything is done, click save settings and run backup.
Note: If your drive isn’t connected to the computer at the scheduled time, the system will just ignore that backup. You would have to re-initiate the backup manually to make sure everything is backed up. However, if you keep the drive connected for the next scheduled time, it will run the backup.
8. Wait for the Backup process to complete
Depending on the size of files in your computer and the speed of your external drive, the backup can take a pretty long time. However, you can keep using your system during the backup. An SSD will generally take less time for this backup to complete as compared to the hard drive. In my case, it took around an hour.
This was all about the process of manual backup in Windows 10 and 11. Now, let’s see how you can restore the backup whenever required.
Recover the external backup (When the System is working)
You can recover this backup in two ways i.e. from the Backup menu or the File History menu. We are going to use the same backup menu that we used to create the backup. Let’s see how to do it.
1. Open Advanced Recovery Options
Go to Settings > System > Recovery. In the Advanced Startup section, click Restart Now. The get into the Windows recovery environment, you can also hold shift and click Restart in the Start menu.
2. Go to the System Recovery Menu through the Windows Recovery Environment
Inside the Blue Screen Recovery Environment, go to Troubleshoot and then click Advanced Options, and then System Recovery.
You can also see a separate See more recover options link. Click on that link and then click System Image Recovery.
3. Select your System image or backup drive/location
Make sure your backup drive is connected to your system. Windows will automatically find any recovery drive connected to it. In the next menu, you get the option to choose your desired image backup.
4. Choose other options (if required)
Through the additional settings, you get the option to format the target disk or do its repartitioning which will erase all the data on that drive. If you just want to restore, click Next.
The restoration will take some time, again depending on the size of the backup. So, wait for that. The system will automatically reboot once the restoration is done.
Recovering from external backup (When the System is not working)
If you can’t access the Windows Recovery Environment or your system won’t boot into the recovery environment, you’ll need to use bootable installation media (USB or DVD) to restore the system image. You can use this method if everything from your drive has been wiped out for any reason. Let’s see how you can do it.
1. Create a bootable USB Media
Download the Windows 11 or Windows 10 Installation media depending on your backed-up operating system.
Grab yourself a flash drive of at least 8GB and insert it into your computer. Make sure the system detects it and Format it before anything else.
Install the downloaded Windows Media Creation Tool and choose your flash drive when asked for the installation drive.
It will take some time so wait for it. Once the bootable installation media is created, the system will tell you about that.
2. Boot from the Installation Media
Keep your bootable USB drive inserted in the system and give it a Restart. You can also turn it Off and then turn it back On. When it is turning On, immediately press the BIOS/UEFI key to enter the boot menu or the BIOS. For most systems, this key is F2, F12, Del, or Esc. However, it may vary and you can check it online. If you do everything as told, you should enter this menu.
3. Click Repair your computer (Dont, Click Install)
When you click Next on the first page, you get the option to install the Windows. You don’t have to do that because we have to restore the system not install a new one. So, click the option Repair your Computer.
4. Perform the same steps as done in the above method
Once you click Repair your computer, you will enter the Windows Recovery Environment. So, you can just use the same settings that we used above to restore the backup. You can just use the system image from the backup drive and restore your system without any issues.
I hope this helps!